Impact of Accounting Comparability according to the Peer Firms on Board Compensation

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Corresponding Author: PH.D Candidate in Accountancy, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

2 Full Professor, Department of Accountancy, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Accountancy, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract

The firms employ the accounting information comparability between firm peers, will determine board compensation through performance evaluation. Thus, current study is aimed to explore the important role of accounting comparability in board compensation. In line with this, using a panel fractional regression model and mixed data, we examined the data to explore the impact of accounting information comparability on compensation policies, with regard to 117 firms for the period 2009 to 2018 (1170 firm - years) from TSE. The results show that, there is a positive and significantly relationship between accounting information comparability (annual return and cash flow from operations proxies) and board compensation. Thus, it was concluded that higher accounting information comparability level leads more than board compensation. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggest that the application of board compensation policies theories and the new fractional regression model calls for more inquiry with regard to three accounting comparability proxies. The present study was an attempt to develop the literature related to the factors affecting managers' rewards by using three criteria to calculate comparability and fractional pattern.

Keywords


حاجیها، زهره، چناری بوکت، حسن (1397). قابلیت مقایسه صورت‌های مالی و خطر سقوط مورد انتظار قیمت سهام، فصلنامه علمی‌ـ‌پژوهشی دانش مالی تحلیل اوراق بهادار، 11(39)، 37-48.
دریایی، عباسعلی، پاکدل، عبدالله و فلاح محمدی، نرگس (۱۳۹۰). تبیین رابطه حاکمیت شرکتی و نقدشوندگی سهام با استفاده از سیستم معادلات همزمان، تحقیقات حسابداری و حسابرسی،۱۰، 132-147.
رحمانی، علی، قشقایی، فاطمه (1396). رابطه قابلیت مقایسه حسابداری با مدیریت سود واقعی و تعهدی، بررسی‏‌های حسابداری و حسابرسی، 24(4)، 527-550.
رهنمای رودپشتی، فریدون، وکیلی فرد، حمیدرضا و محسنی، عبدالرضا (1394). سبک حسابرس و قابلیت مقایسه صورت‌های مالی، فصلنامه علمی‌ـ‌پژوهشی حسابداری مدیریت، 8(25)، 29-47.
سجادی، سیدحسن، زارع زاده مهریزی، محمدصادق (1390). بررسی رابطه بین طرح‌های پاداش مدیران و معیارهای اقتصادی ارزیابی عملکرد در شرکت های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، پژوهش‌های حسابداری مالی، 4(10)، 41-54.
فروغی، داریوش، قاسم­زاد، پیمان (1395). تأثیر قابلیت مقایسۀ صورت­های مالی بر همزمانی قیمت سهام، پژوهش­های حسابداری مالی، 8(1)، 39- 54.
کردستانی، غلامرضا، حسینی، نیرالسادات (1392). بررسی رابطه‌ بین کیفیت افشا و محتوای سود حسابداری، بررسی‌های حسابداری، 1(1)، 120-140.
کیا، علی، صفری‌گرایلی، مهدی (1396). قابلیت مقایسه صورت‌های مالی، مدیریت سود واقی و تعهدی، مجله علمی‌ـ‌پژوهشی دانش حسابداری مالی، 4(2)، 115-137.
مرادی، جواد (۱۳۸۴). بررسی تجربی سازه‌های مؤثر در تعیین پاداش هیأت‌مدیره شرکت‌های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شیراز.
ملکیان، اسفندیار، صمدی لرگاوی، محمود و دریائی، عباسعلی (1393). بررسی رابطه پاداش هیأت‌مدیره با شاخص‌های حسابداری ارزشیابی عملکرد، تحقیقات حسابداری و حسابرسی، 23، 31-50.
مهرورز، فاطمه، مرفوع، محمد (1395). رابطه بین قابلیت مقایسه صورت‌های مالی با آگاهی بخشی قیمت سهام در خصوص سودهای آتی، مطالعات تجربی حسابداری مالی، 13(49)، 89-110.
 نمازی، محمد. (1384). بررسی کاربردهای تئوری نمایندگی در حسابداری مدیریت، پیشرفت‌های حسابداری، 2(22)، 147-164.
نمازی، محمد، مرادی، جواد. (1384). بررسی تجربی سازه‌های مؤثر در تعیین پاداش هیأت‌مدیره شرکت‌های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، مطالعات تجربی حسابداری مالی، 3(10)، 73-110.
نوروش، ایرج، مومنی یانسری، ابوالفضل و صفری گرایلی، مهدی (1394). کیفیت سود و ارزش شرکت: شواهدی از شرکت‌های ایرانی، پژوهش‌های حسابداری مالی، 26، 1-18.
Ahmed, A., Neel, M., & Safdar, I. (2017). Evidence on the association between accounting comparability and stock price efficiency with respect to accruals and unexpected earnings. Working Paper.
Albuquerque, A. (2009). Peer firms in relative performance evaluation. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 48, 69–89.
Ali, M. J. (2005). A Synthesis of Empirical Research on International Accounting Harmonization and Compliance with Financial Reporting Standards. Journal of Accounting Literature, 24, 1–52.
Baker, C.R., Barbu, E.M. (2007). Trends in research on international accounting harmonization. The international Journal of Accounting, 42(3), 272-304.
Barth, M. E., Landsman, W. R., Lang, M., & Williams, C. (2013). Are IFRS-based and US GAAP-based accounting amounts comparable? Journal of Accounting and Economics, 54(1), 68–93.
Bendickson, J., Muldoon, J., Liguori, E., & Davis, P. E. (2016). Agency theory: the times, they are a-changin. Management Decision, 54(1), 174–193. 
Bushman, R. M., & Smith, A. J. (2001). Financial accounting information and corporate governance. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 32(1-3), 237–333.
Cao, J., Pan, X., Tian, G. (2011). Disproportional ownership structure and pay-performance relationship: Evidence from China’s listed firms. J. Corporate Finance, 17, 541-554.
Cascino, S., Gassen, J. (2010). Mandatory IFRS adoption and accounting comparability, London School of Economics, United Kingdom, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
Chen, C.-W., Collins, D. W., Kravet, T. D., & Mergenthaler, R. D. (2016). Financial Statement Comparability and the Efficiency of Acquisition Decisions. Contemporary Accounting Research, 35(1), 164–202.
Chen, S., Wang, K., & Li, X. (2013). Product market competition, ultimate controlling structure and related party transactions. China Journal of Accounting Research, 5, 293-306.
Choi, J.-H., Choi, S., Myers, L. A., & Ziebart, D. (2019). Financial Statement Comparability and the Informativeness of Stock Prices about Future Earnings. Contemporary Accounting Research, 42, 638–670.
Cohen, D. A. (2003). Quality of Financial Reporting Choice: Determinants and Economic Consequences. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.422581.
De Angelis, D., & Grinstein, Y. (2015). Performance terms in CEO compensation contracts. Review of Finance, 19, 619–651.
De Franco, G., Kothari, S., & Verdi, R. (2011). The benefits of financial statement comparability. Journal of Accounting Research, 49, 895–931.
DeFond, M., Hu, X., Hung, M., & Li, S. (2011). The impact of mandatory IFRS adoption on foreign mutual fund ownership: the role of comparability. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 51, 240–258.
Duru, A. I. (1998). Residual Income in Corporate Firm Performance & Executive Incentive Contracts, University of Maryland College Park.
Gallani, S., Krishnan, R., & Wooldridge, J. (2015). Applications of Fractional Response Model to the Study of Bounded Dependent Variables in Accounting Research. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2642854.  
Healy, P.M. (1985). The effect of bonus schemes of accounting decisions. Journal of accounting and economics, 85-107.
Horton, J., Serafeim, G., & Serafeim, I. (2013). Does mandatory IFRS adoption improve the information environment? Contemporary Accounting Research, 30(1), 388-423.
Jensen. M. C. and Murphy. K. J. (1990). Performance Pay and Top-Management Incentives. Journal of Political Economy, 98(2), 225-264.
Kato. T and K. Kubo. (2004). CEO Compensation and Firm Performance in Japan: Evidence from New Panel Data on Financial performance, Faculty of business and information systems, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 3-14.
Kim, S., P. Kraft, and S. Ryan. (2015). Financial statement comparability and credit risk. Review of Accounting Studies, 18(3): 783–823.
Krolick, D. L., (2005), The Relevance of Financial Statement Information for Executive Performance Evaluation: Evidence from Choice of Bonus Plan AccountingPerformance Measures. The International of Journal of accounting, 40(2), 115-132.
Lambert. R. A. (1982). Managerial Incentives in Multi period Agency Relationship. Working Paper, Stanford University.
Lobo, G. J., Neel, M., & Rhodes, A. (2018). Accounting comparability and relative performance evaluation in CEO compensation. Review of Accounting Studies, 23(3), 1137–1176.
Nam, J. (2016). Financial reporting comparability and relative performance evaluation. Working Paper.
Nam, J. (2021). Financial reporting comparability and accounting-based relative performance evaluation in the design of CEO cash compensation contracts. The Accounting Review, 95(3), 343-370.
Neel, M. (2017). Accounting comparability and economic outcomes of mandatory IFRS adoption. Contemporary Accounting Research, 34, 658–690.
Ozkan, N., Singer, Z., & You, H. (2012). Mandatory IFRS adoption and the contractual usefulness of accounting information in executive compensation. Journal of Accounting Research, 50, 1077–1107.
Papke, L. E., & J. M. Wooldridge. (1996). Econometric methods for fractional response variables with an application to 401(K) plan participation rates. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 11(6), 619-632.
Papke, L. E., & J. M. Wooldridge. (2005). Panel data methods for fractional response variables with an application to test pass rates. Journal of Econometrics, 145(1-2), 121-133.
Schmidt, F. L., Hunter, J. E., Pearlman, K., Hirsh, H. R. (1985). Forty questions about validity generalization and meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 38, 697–798.
Sohn, B. C. (2016). The effect of accounting comparability on the accrual-based and real earnings management. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 35(5), 513–539.
Tay, J. S. W., & Parker, R. H. (1990). Measuring international harmonization and standardization. Abacus, 26(1), 71−88.
Vallascas, F., & Hagendorff, J. (2013). CEO Bonus Compensation and Bank Default Risk: Evidence from the U.S. and Europe. Financial Markets, Institutions & Instruments, 22(2), 47-89.
Van der TAS, L. G. (1988). Measuring Harmonisation of Financial Reporting Practice. Accounting and Business Research, 18, 157–69.
Van der TAS, L. G. (1992). Measuring International Harmonization and Standardization: A Comment. Abacus, 28, 211–16.
Wallace, J. S., (1997), Adopting Residual Incom-Based Compensation plans: Do You Get What You Pay For? Journal of Accounting and Economics, 24, 275-300.
Yip, R. W. Y., and D. Young. (2012). Does mandatory IFRS adoption improve information comparability? The Accounting Review, 87(5), 1767–89.
Young, S., & Zeng, Y. (2015). Accounting comparability and the accuracy of peer-based valuation models. The Accounting Review, 90, 2571–2601.
Yu, F. (2008). Analyst coverage and earnings management. Journal of Financial Economics, 88(2), 245–27.